Multistage compressor



2 Sheets-Sheqt l Aug. 15, 1939. P. MANISCALCO MULTISTAGE COMPRESSOR Filed March 4, 1938 Patented Aug. 15, 1939 v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MULTISTAGE comnssoa Pietro Maniscalco, Toledo, Ohio Application March 4, 1938, Serial No. 193,901

7 Claims. (01. 230-192) This invention relates to a multistage com- .responding parts thereof being therefore desig- D B nat'ed herein by the same reference numbers but One of the objects of this invention is to provide having the prime character added thereto. The a durable, economical and efllcient compressor description of said unit l thus suflices and apwhereby a high stage of compression can be plies equally to said unit ll. '5

speedily obtained. The piston unit l4 comprises a main centr Another object of this invention is to-provide body or block 20 provided with a larger piston a multistage. compressor having its parts ar- 2i at one end and a smaller piston 22 at the opranged in balanced relation, producing a smoothposite end. A skirt 23 extends around the main .i ly operating and economical construction. part of piston 2i, and a skirt 24 extends around I A further object of this invention is to provide the main part of piston 22, said skirts being proan emcient compressor of this kind which is esvided by forming annular channels 1 and 25 pecially adapted for use in refrigeration and air between said pistons and skirts as best shown conditioning devices. in Fig. 3..

These and various ,other objects and advan- A pair of standards 21 and 28 are mounted upon tages are attained with this invention, as will .bethe base, adjacent the ends of piston unit l4, and come apparent from the following description, .a similar pair of standards are mounted on the taken in connectionv with the accompanying base adjacent the'ends of the companion piston drawings wherein the invention is illustrated in unit i4. Said standards 21 and 28 contain at v its preferred form, it being apparent that other their upper ends a pair of integral cylinder heads 0 forms of construction may be adopted for carry- 29 and 30 respect ve y, Which are Provided with ing out the objects and purposes of this invenintegral cylinders 31 and 32 arranged to engage tion. in said annular channels and 26 respectively,

In the drawings: f and to have the pistons 2i and 22 sliding there- Fig.1isa plan view illustrating this invention in. Each channel is slightly a e a the 25 in its preferred form of construction, as embodied thickness of its cylinder, and is preferably tapern 8- pair of cooperating multistage compressors ing or enlarged outwardly, to avoid any air from with part of the cover broken away; becoming entrained or blocked at the inner end" Figs; 2 and 3 are enlarged vertical sectional of the channel and thereby retard the movement I views, taken respectively on lines 2-2 and 3-3 of the cy in r h '30 of Fig- A fluid channel 34 extends thru the piston unit Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view illustrating this l4, and at its ends it has a pair of pockets 35 and improved compressor utilized in a refrigeration 36- located in the ends of pistons 2| and 22 reunit. spectively, said pockets being provided with an 35 In the drawings this invention is illustrated in inlet valve 31 and an outlet valve "respectively, 35 its preferred form 'of construction and as emso that the compressed air will flow only from bodied in a pair of companion compressor units the. pocket in the larger piston to the pocket I. and. III which are similar in construction and in the smaller one. are mounted parallel and closely together on a Pockets 39 and 40 are formed in cylinder heads 40 base II, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, so as to be 29 and 30 respectively, being placed adjacent '40 driven together by 'the same driving means, as to the piston pockets 35 and 36, and contain an for example the motor i2 shown in Fig. 4. inlet valve 4| and an outlet valve 42 therein to The pair of compressor units l0 and III comcooperate with the piston valves 31 and 38 re-' prise respectively, a pair .of piston units l4 and spectively. Ports 43 and 44 extend respectively, 4 l4 which are mountedto reciprocate on the base from the pockets 39 and 40 'thru the cylinder 45 ll, preferably by means of a pair of ribs l5 and heads, and have the pipes 45 and 46 of the re- IS' provided on the under side of said pair of frigerant circulating mechanism joined thereto. units l4 and M respectively, and travelling on The port 43 with the pocket 39 thus provide a fluid a pair of guide tracks l8 and it provided on inlet channel in the cylinder head 29, while the p the p of 8 P 1 1' parallel blocks l1 and I1 pocket "and the port 44 provide a fluid outlet 50 respectively, which arise from and are integral channel in the cylinder head 30 of this compreswith said base ll. sor unit. The other compressor unit i0 is con- These compressor units i0 and II" are alike structed and arranged like this described unit in contruction and operation, and the unit II III, as indicated heretbiore. I 65 comprises the same parts as the unit ii, the cor- The means for driving or reciprocating these and it provided on a pair of parallel supportingthe drive shaft, as by means of disks I! and I,

two companion piston units preferably comprises a drive shaft ll mounted in a pair of sleeves ll walls 50 and II arising from the intermediate part of base ll. A-puiley ll secured on shaft 4! is driven thru a belt 52 by a pulley It on the shaft of saidmotor II. .A pair of crank arms I and H are placed off-center at the ends of and saidarms carry rotary sleeves or bushings it and It thereon with anti-friction bearing means. These sleeves travel on continuous surfaces provided by vertically elongated pockets ITI and I1 provided on the adjoining sides of the piston bodies I. and I. by means of continuous integral flanges It and II extending laterally from said bodies. Casings II and II are attached to said walls It and II, and tothe side tw'o piston units it and H are driven to travel in opposite directions, so that while one unit is moving in the direction of its larger cylinder, on

its first stage of compression, the other unit is moving in the direction of its smaller cylinder,

on its second stage of compression. The device thushas its parts arranged in balanced relation,

and will require and utilize a uniform or balanced application of the-driving power; and this improved mechanism functions very efiiciently in speedily providing a high stage of compression.

This compressbr is especially adapted for use in air conditioning and refrigeration systems; and

a it is shown in Fig. 1 in conjunction with such a refrigeration system, which includes the motor 12 with a condenser it, a tank ti, an expansion valve 62, and the refrigeration coil 03, together with the connecting pipes and conduits therebetween.

1 claim: I

.1. A compressor comprising a base having an integral block with a guide track thereon, a piston unit including a body with an integral guide rib thereunder movable along said track and a.

pair of integral pistons extending in opposite directions from said body, a channel extending thru said body and pistons and provided with check valve means therein, a pair of standards mounted on said base having a pair of cylinders thereo'n consisting each of a cylindrical member integral on its standard and fitting upon'said pistons, one standard having a valved inlet and the other having a valved outlet thereon, and operating means for reciprocating the piston body on the guide'tracks with the pistons moving within the cylinders. I

2. A compressor comprising a piston unit consisting of ,a solid block having a pair of solid pistons extending in opposite directions therefrom, a bore extending centrally thru the block and pistons and having a pocket with an inlet valve at one end and a pocket with an outlet valve'at the other end, a pair of cylinders on said pistons and means for supporting them stationary, one pro vided with a valved inlet means and the other with a valved outlet means, and means for reciprocating the unit with its pistons relative to the cylinders.

3. A multistage compressor comprising a base provided with an integral upstanding rib having guide means thereon, a piston unit comprising a solid block having a larger integral piston at one end and-a smaller'integral piston at the opposite end, an integral guide rib on said block movable along said guide means, a central bore extending straight thru said block and pistons and provided with an inlet valve in the larger piston and an outlet valve in the smaller piston, a

' guide means, a pair of oppositely extending integral pistons on said body, a channel extending straight thru said body and pistons and having an inlet valve and an outlet valve at its ends, a pair of standards removably mounted on said base and having each an integral cylinder means thereon consisting of a cylinder head containing .a channel therein provided with a pocket at slide the pistons a base providedits inner end and having a single integral cylinder extending therefrom wherein one of said pistons reciprocates, one pocket provided with an inlet valve and the other provided with an outlet valve to cooperate with the inlet and outlet valves on said piston channel, and means to reciprocate said pistons in the cylinders.

5. A compressorv comprising a base having means thereon provided with a pair or parallel guide tracks, a pair of piston units with guide means reciprocable on' said pair of tracks, a pair of'oppositely extending pistons on each unit, a pair of stationary cylinders for each pair of pistons, valved channel means extending thru each unit and its pistons, valved inlet and outlet means on each pair of cylinders, a pair of pockets provided on the adjoining sides of said units, a pair of supporting walls extending parallel and integral up from the base between said piston units and provided with bearing sieves, casing means extending from said walls to the base tohouse said piston units and ylinders, a drive shaft rotary in said sleeves, and a pair of drive arms extending off-center from the opposite ends of said shaft and operable in said pockets, to reciprocate said pair of units and their pistonsin said cylinders. v

6. A multistage compressor comprising a'base having a pair of integral blocks arising therefrom and provided with :a pair of parallel guide tracks thereon, a. pair of piston units with integral guide means reciprocable on said tracks, each unit including a solid central body-having a pair of oppositely extending integralpistons thereon one being larger than the other, each unit having a pair of solid post-like standards arising from the base and provided with a pair of integral cylinders each in the form of a single cylindrical memher extending from itsstandard and cooperatingwiththe pair of-pistons on the unit, valved channel means thru each unit and its pistons, valved inlet and outlet means on each pair of standards and cylinders, a pair of continuous fiangeson the two adjacent faces of saidpair of units providing guide pockets, means arisingbetween said units and provided with bearing sleeves therein, a. drive shaft iournaled in said sleeves and provided with means for rotating it, and a pair-of I drive arms extending off-center from the oppo- I site ends of said shaft and provided with means thereon rotatable in said grooves, whereby to reciprocate said pair of units in reverse directions and provide a balanced mechanism.

7. A multistage compressor comprising a base having a larger cylinder with an inlet valve and a smaller cylinder with an outlet valve mounted stationary in line thereon, also guide means on the base between the cylinders, a unitary piston construction comprising a solid central block having a pair of solid integral pistons thereon including a larger piston at one end and a smaller piston at the opposite end slidable in said larger and smaller cylinders, a guide rib integral on said block movable along said guide means on the base, a bore extending centrally thru said block and pistons, provided with an inlet valve in the larger piston and an outlet valve in the smaller piston, 'a continuous integral flange extending laterally from the block and forming a guide pocket having a continuous bearing surface therein, and driving means on the base carrying rotary means adapted to travel along said surface in said pocket, for reciprocating said pistons in 10 said cylinders. I

PIE'I'RO MANISCALCO. 

